You should do the clear of lift, then move to your base.
Your base would vary depending on whether it's singles or doubles.. or if it's "half court singles"... (Official games are singles and doubles, but half court singles is a useful game)..
And your base depends on where you lifted or cleared it to.
Half court singles is a fantastic thing for this..
And even an exercise in the half court where you lift it, And you move to your base.. And they clear it. And you go for it, clear it. Then move to your base. And then ready for the next shot from them.. whether they do a drop or clear or smash.
And this translates really well for eg doubles.. .As the base in doubles after a clear or lift, is similar to half court singles
There's lots of factors here..
Whether you are "standing" in the right place..
Whether you did a good lift or good clear and even have time to get into the right place.
How your weight is distributed in your stance in your ready position while you stand at your base.
Your familiarity with the footwork to move forwards, and the footwork to move backwards. And to the different areas in front and back.
Your speed at recovering to your base.
Your ability to recover to your base quickly and with good footwork, wherever the last shot was hit to.
"Stay on toes" is a bit simplistic and maybe more for the ballerinas.. Your ready stance shouldn't be very flat footed and on your heels, it should be towards the ball of the feet a bit but not too much otherwise you'd be wobbling around, and certainly not behond that onto the toes, otherwise you are going into ballerina territory. You want quite a bit of bend in the knees..
So you're not talking about a minor (I won't say problem, but), thing. And if you were really at getting whatever shot they play then you'd be a very good player. And it takes a lot of skill and training and some physical ability to be a very good player. And against a good enough opponent you could often find yourself in this situation often.. And as you get better you might find it could take longer for an opponent to get you into that situation.
Another thing is getting confident with them just playing one shot(they clear), but you position ready for any. Then when you're confident with retreiving that shot, then them just playing a drop. Then, when you are confident with that, then mixing them. e.t.c. then adding in a smash.
A half court exercise like that translates amazingly to doubles .. There'd be singles versions too so using full court.
You're basically getting at how to play a good shot i n this case, lift or (at least somewhat defensive) clear, (or a clear far enough away from them), to give you time to get into position, and to then get the next shot wherever it is.. That's much of what badminton is about. "from here, can you get over there , can you get over there / can you get to this, can you get to that".
If you had video then some could comment on eg your stance, position, quality of shot, footwork there, footwork to base. What it is that is causing you to not "get there".